«¡Llorad por Adonais!Los sueños rápidos/los pensares con alas de pasión/huyeron en bandadas desde el vivo/torrente que su espíritu nutría/enseñando el amor como una música».
Corre el año 1821 y el poeta inglés Percy Byshshe Shelley, recibe por carta la noticia del deceso ocurrido tres meses antes de su colega y amigo, el genial John Keats. Inmediatamente, conmovido por la desaparición física de quién considerará el mejor exponente de aquello que será dado en llamar romanticismo inglés , se pone a componer una elegía en cincuenta y cinco estrofas, hoy considerada como una de las mejores obras del poeta. Adonais, en palabras de Stefan Zweig «canta al hermano de alma el más bello canto fúnebre que nunca un poeta dedicara a otro».
Junto con la primera edición de la obra, Shelley incluyó un prólogo en el que atribuía la muerte del joven Keats al disgusto producido por la despiadada crítica vertida en Inglaterra hacia su «Endymión». De igual modo, a lo largo de la elegía encontramos numerosas referencias que refuerzan esa acusación a los críticos de la época:
«Tú, cuya infamia nunca será gloria,
mancilla oscura en nombre memorable,
vive, no temas un peor castigo.
Sé tú mismo y conócete cual eres,
y cuando llegue la hora y se desborden
tus colmillos, descarga tu ponzoña
asco y remordimiento irán contigo,
la encendida vergüenza quemará
tu frente oculta y entonces como ora
has de temblar cual perro fustigado».
O también en la siguiente estrofa:
«Bebió nuestro Adonais, ¡ay!, el veneno.
¿Qué criminal vipéreo y sordo pudo
con tal licor de angustia coronar
la copa matutina de la vida?
Ya el gusano sin nombre se condena;
sintió el veneno, mas pudo librarse
del mágico cantar que conjuraba
maldad, odio y envidia, y que clamaba
desde aquel pecho solitario y único,
mudo ya en esperanza de canciones;
helada la maestra mano y sueltas
están las cuerdas del laúd de plata».
En Adonais la pluma del autor le reprocha a la Musa no haber intercedido frente a la muerte cuando acudió, facilitada por el desprecio viperino de los críticos, a reclamar la vida del poeta. Casi un preámbulo a su propio final que llegaría apenas un año después. Shelley desde muy joven demostró hacer carne de los ideales revolucionarios y libertarios que sacudían Europa. Durante el año 1822 mientras se encontraba en Italia junto a Lord Byron, salió a navegar en soledad, durante una noche de tormenta. Según sus compañeros de viaje, actuó motivado por el deseo de «ser inspirado por las fuerzas de la naturaleza». Su cuerpo fue arrastrado varios días después, junto a restos de la embarcación «Ariel». Con el rostro y los brazos comidos por las aves, fue incinerado en la playa sobre una pira avivada con vino y aceite, como un emperador romano. Lord Byron y Edward Trewlavney realizaron la ceremonia, este último en determinado momento arrancó del cadáver en corazón del poeta y se lo entregó a su compañera Mary Wollstoncraft Shelley, quien lo conservaría hasta el día de su muerte. Adonais será recordado como uno de los puntos más altos del romanticismo inglés, conmovedor y elevado. Los ecos de la vida de esos poetas que desafiaron a las anquilosadas formas artísticas de la época y renovaron la poesía con el espíritu revolucionario de Voltaire y los pensadores de la insurrección francesa, resuena en sus trágicos finales. Entregados a construir los valores de una mundo nuevo, libre, y la unidad consecuente entre obra y vida.
Adonais. Fragmentos:
II
Cuando Adonais murió di, ¿Dónde estabas?
¿En dónde estabas tú, madre potente,
cuando tu hijo yacía traspasado
por el dardo que surca las tinieblas?
¿En dónde estabas tú, perdida Urania?
Allá en su paraíso, sentada entre los Ecos
vigilantes y mientras con suspiros
amorosos y blandos reanimaba
una de las ya marchitas melodías,
con las que, como flores que se burlan
del cadáver, ornar y esconder quiso
el futuro volumen de la muerte.
XXI
¡Ay!¡Que tenga que estar como si nunca
hubiera en él vivido lo que tanto
amábamos nosotros, y que sea
mortal también nuestro dolor!¿De dónde
hemos venido y para qué vivimos?
¿Y de qué escena somos los actores
o los testigos?Grandes y pequeños
los confunde la muerte que anticipa
lo que la vida pide de prestado.
En tanto que los cielos sean azules
y verdes sean los campos, la mañana
empujada será por negra noche.
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